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Template:Infobox osmium

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Osmium, 76Os
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Osmium
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation/format
Appearancesilvery, blue cast
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Os)
Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight format
Osmium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Ru
↑
Os
↓
Hs
rhenium ← osmium → iridium
Atomic number (Z)76
Groupgroup 8
Periodperiod 6
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point3306 K ​(3033 °C, ​5491 °F)[1]
Boiling point5281 K ​(5008 °C, ​9046 °F)[1]
Density (at 20° C)22.587 g/cm3 [1]
Heat of fusion57.851 kJ/mol[2] (at m.p.)
Heat of vaporization378 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.7 J/(mol·K)[2]
Specific heat capacity129.843 J/(kg·K)[2]
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 3160 3423 3751 4148 4638 5256
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +4
−2,[5] −1,[3] 0,[4] +1,[5] +2,[5] +3,[5] +5,[5] +6,[5] +7,[5] +8[5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.2
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 840 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius144±4 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of osmium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constantsa = 273.42 pm
c = 431.99 pm (at 20 °C)[6]
Thermal expansion4.99×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[lower-alpha 1]
Thermal conductivity87.6 W/(m⋅K)[7]
Electrical resistivity81.2 nΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[8]
Molar magnetic susceptibility11×10−6 cm3/mol[8]
Young's modulus556 GPa
Shear modulus222 GPa
Bulk modulus462 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod4940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.25
Mohs hardness7.0
Vickers hardness4137 MPa
Brinell hardness3920 MPa
CAS Number7440-04-2
History
Namingafter Greek osme, "a smell", for the smell of the volatile osmium tetroxide
Discovery and first isolationSmithson Tennant (1803)
Isotopes of osmium
Main isotopes[9] Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
184Os 0.02% 1.12×1013 y α 180W
185Os synth 92.95 d ε 185Re
186Os 1.59% 2.0×1015 y α 182W
187Os 1.96% stable
188Os 13.2% stable
189Os 16.1% stable
190Os 26.3% stable
191Os synth 14.99 d β− 191Ir
192Os 40.8% stable
193Os synth 29.83 h β− 193Ir
194Os synth 6.0 y β− 194Ir
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Osmium
| references

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Notes

  1. ↑ The thermal expansion of Os is anisotropic: the coefficients for each crystal axis (at 20 °C) are: αa = 4.57×10−6/K, αc = 5.85×10−6/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = 4.99×10−6/K.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rumble, John R.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Doa, Maria J., eds. (2022). "Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (103rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-032-12171-0.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rumble, John R.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Doa, Maria J., eds. (2022). "Section 12: Properties of Solids". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (103rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-032-12171-0.
  3. ↑ Os(–1) occurs in [Os2(CO)8]2–; see Leh Yeh Hsu; Nripendra Bhattacharyya; Sheldon G. Shore (1985). "Binuclear carbonylates [Ru2(CO)8]2– and [Os2(CO)8]2–: syntheses and crystal structures". Organometallics. 4 (8): 1483–1485. doi:10.1021/om00127a041.
  4. ↑ Os(0) is known in Os(CO)5; see Rushman, Paul; Van Buuren, Gilbert N.; Shiralian, Mahmoud; Pomeroy, Roland K. (1983). "Properties of the Pentacarbonyls of Ruthenium and Osmium". Organometallics. 2 (5): 693–694. doi:10.1021/om00077a026.
  5. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. ↑ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  7. ↑ Rumble, John R.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Doa, Maria J. (2022). "Section 12: Properties of Solids". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (103rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-032-12171-0.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Haynes 2011, p. 4.134.
  9. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.