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Template:Infobox bromine

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Bromine, 35Br
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Bromine
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation/format
Appearancereddish-brown liquid
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Br)
Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight format
Bromine in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Cl
↑
Br
↓
 I 
selenium ← bromine → krypton
Atomic number (Z)35
Groupgroup 17 (halogens)
Periodperiod 4
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 7
Physical properties
Phase at STPliquid
Melting point(Br2) 265.8 K ​(−7.2 °C, ​19 °F)
Boiling point(Br2) 332.0 K ​(58.8 °C, ​137.8 °F)
Density (near r.t.)Br2, liquid: 3.1028 g/cm3
Triple point265.90 K, ​5.8 kPa[1]
Critical point588 K, 10.34 MPa[1]
Heat of fusion(Br2) 10.571 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization(Br2) 29.96 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity37.845 J/(mol·K) (Br)
75.69 J/(mol·K) (Br2)
Specific heat capacity473.631 J/(kg·K) (Br)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 185 201 220 244 276 332
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: −1, +1, +3, +5
+2,[2] +4,[3] +7[3]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.96
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1139.9 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2103 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3470 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 120 pm
Covalent radius120±3 pm
Van der Waals radius185 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of bromine
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​orthorhombic (oS8)
Lattice constantsa = 674.30 pm
b = 466.85 pm
c = 870.02 pm (at triple point: 269.60 K)[4]
Thermal conductivity0.122 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity7.8×1010 Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[5]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−56.4×10−6 cm3/mol[6]
Speed of sound206 m/s (at 20 °C)
CAS Number7726-95-6
History
Namingfrom Ancient Greek βρῶμος, 'stench', for its sharp and pungent smell
Discovery and first isolationAntoine Jérôme Balard and Carl Jacob Löwig (1825)
Isotopes of bromine
Main isotopes[7] Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
75Br synth 97 min β+ 75Se
76Br synth 16.2 h β+ 76Se
77Br synth 57.04 h β+ 77Se
79Br 50.6% stable
80Br synth 17.68 min β− 80Kr
β+ 80Se
80mBr synth 4.4205 h IT 80Br
81Br 49.4% stable
82Br synth 35.282 h β− 82Kr
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Bromine
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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Template:RubberBible92nd
  2. ↑ Br(II) is known to occur in bromine monoxide radical; see Kinetics of the bromine monoxide radical + bromine monoxide radical reaction
  3. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  4. ↑ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  5. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  6. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  7. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.